Transformed by Constantine who opened the entrance to the façade overlooking the Sacred Way (preceded by a porch of four porphyry columns still visible) and he also added an apse to the north side. The central nave was covered with three cross-vaults resting on eight monolithic columns 14 mt. high (only one column from the complex survives, raised in 1613 in front of Santa Maria Maggiore).
The grandiose building housed the colossal statue of Constantine (some fragments in marble are now in the courtyard of the Palace of the Conservatori on the Capitol Hill)
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